 Washington: In one of the biggest conservation successes in India, two male adult Indian rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis) were successfully translocated to Manas National Park on Saturday. This is the first time that the translocation of wild rhinos has been conducted in the state of Assam, where nearly all of India’s rhinos are found.
The two rhinos were moved from Pobitora Wildlife Sanctuary, which has the highest density of rhinos in the world - more than 80 rhinos in less than 7 square miles of rhino habitat. For the next several years, the healthy rhino populations in Pobitora and Kaziranga National Park will supply individuals to start new populations in other protected areas in Assam under Indian Rhino Vision 2020.
Translocations form the backbone of Indian Rhino Vision 2020 – a joint project of the Government of Assam, WWF-India, the International Rhino Foundation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service – that aims to attain a population of 3000 wild rhinos spread across seven of Assam’s protected areas by the year 2020.
Meticulous planning for the translocation, carried out under tight security, spanned several years. Mr. M. C. Malakar, Chief Wildlife Warden, Assam, elaborated, “Our prime concern was the safety of the people associated with the translocations as well as that of the rhinos being moved”. He added, “We are grateful to all for the cooperation that they extended in helping us conduct the translocation.”
Explaining the concept of translocation, Tariq Aziz, Associate Director of WWF-India’s Species Program, said, “It may be risky to do translocations, but it would be riskier not to do anything at all. With more than 86 percent of India’s rhinos living in one national park, these national treasures are at risk if a disease outbreak or other calamity hits Kaziranga. The translocations will help rebuild rhino populations in Manas and a few other protected areas in Assam where the rhino populations once existed.”
Under the guidance of expert veterinarians, conservationists and forest department officials, the two animals were captured on Friday and released in the wee hours of Saturday. The entire exercise was carried out in accordance with IUCN’s Reintroduction Guidelines, the internationally-accepted standards for translocation. The animals were captured by dart tranquilizers, and then transported 250 km away in crates that were specially designed to hold the 1.5 to 2 tons of rhino body mass.
“WWF and its partners are using the best available science to expand the range of rhinos, we have already established two additional rhino population in Nepal through translocation and this recent translocation in India furthers our goal of maintaining healthy rhino populations, minimizing the risk of catastrophes and easing the pressure on overcrowded parks such as Pobitora,” said Shubash Lohani, senior program officer of the Eastern Himalayas program at World Wildlife Fund.
The arrival of rhinos brought a cheer from local communities living near Manas National Park. A Project Tiger and a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site, Manas National Park is one of the nine biodiversity hotspots in India. It was home to several endangered species, including the Indian rhinos, before local disturbances led to their eradication.
“Indian Rhino Vision 2020 shows what government, local communities and NGOs can accomplish by working together towards a common goal,” said Dr. Susie Ellis, executive director of the International Rhino Foundation. “This initiative has been in the planning for several years, and this translocation is just one of many first steps to secure Assam’s rhino populations.”
Curious onlookers greeted the convoy and were excited to learn that the park would have rhinos again. A 55-year-old local woman said, “The arrival of gainda (rhino) is like a Bihu (a local festival) gift to us”. She added, “My son is one of the volunteers who will be monitoring the rhinos in Manas. It is a great moment for all of us”.
As part of the IRV 2020, significant steps have been taken to make sure that the rhinos will be safe. Numerous improvements have been made in Manas. Sujoy Banerjee, Director, WWF-India’s Species Conservation Program, explained, “We have provided vehicles, wireless sets, helped built watch towers, bridges, road etc. In fact, the bulk of resources have gone in resurrecting the monitoring mechanism of the Park, which had suffered serious damage in the past.”
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Notes to the Editor:
- IRV2020 is a joint project of the Government of Assam and WWF-India, supported by the International Rhino Foundation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. It aims to increase the rhino population in Assam to 3000 by the year 2020. These rhino populations will be built up over at its seven protected areas to provide long-term viability to a larger rhino population in Assam.
The conservation of rhinos in Assam and India has been a great success. Through strict protection, the declining population of 10-20 rhinos in 1905 has recovered to more than 1800 individuals in 2007. But now, more than 86 percent of India’s rhinos live in just one national park, Kaziranga. The IRV2020 project will further improve the security of all rhinos in Assam by expanding the distribution of rhinos to reduce risks like disease, in-breeding depression and mass mortality. The project also aims to reduce the rhino population pressures in any single habitat by ensuring a better distribution of the rhino population over suitable ranges.
- International Rhino Foundation http://www.rhinos-irf.org/
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